Process of electrically uniting metallic members.



L. S. LAGHMAN,

PROCESS OF ELEOTRIGALLY'UNITING METALLIG MEMBERS.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 19, 1910.

1,133,806. Patented Mar. 30, 1915.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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MM; o W 60 3W ATTORNE Y Ma. M 411/ 4% By Y L. S. LACHMAN. PROCESS OF ELEGTRIGALLY UNITING METALLIG MEMBERS.

APPLICATIQN FILED 0OT.19, 1 10.

1,133,806. I U Patented Mar.30,1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- 9 lfi'gfio, v 1119 42,

WITNESSES I INVENTOH NITED, STATES i PATENT LAUR NCE s. acuna-N; or new YORK, N. Y.v

OFFICE.

lROCESS or EnEcTnIdAL Y UNITING METALLIC MEMBERS.

To all whom it may concern:

I the following is a specification.

, This inventiton relates to processes of electric weldingfand has for one of its main purposes the :provision'of a process whereby the intersecting portions of. members may be integrally united electrically in a most Specification of Letters Patent.

of which Patented Mal-.30, 1915.-

' I Application filed October 19, 1910. Serial No. 587,795.

13 is a plan view of one member thereof.

Fi 14 is a view'illustrative of a slightly di erent process by which an article or I frame of the type shown in Fig. 12 may be produced according to the present process.

Fig. is a view in vertical sectionshowing members relatively arranged for ntegral union electrically to produce an article or frame of yet another form. Fig. 16 is a similar View showing the article when its members have been integrally united. Fig. 17 is a. View illustrative of a slightly different process ofproduci ng the article or economical "and secure manner. This and -f 1jame shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 18. is a secotherrpurpo'ses of the invention, which will tional vlew illustrative of one of many other l'fu'lly appear from the hereinafter description- 1 forms ofia member Wl'ilCll may be employed are obtained from the various exemplifica-' ftionsj ofLthe.inventionifselectedto typify 'i s'ome .of. the .inany, jv arious forms which ,it'

'the accompanying, drawings, wherein sn'nllar characters, .of reference 'deslgnate' 25v ma aake witlibut} departure-from its s irit,

similar parts I in all thev views '.Figure 1 is a plan view of a part of a frame-or struc- 'ture who'se members areintegrally united in accordance with the present process. '2 is an.enlarged view showing the.,p"o'sition of the members whenthey are, placed to} geitherfor welding. Fig.3 is also an'em larged view showing" the positionof. the.

members when the welding operation has" been completed. Fig. 4' is a view illustrating members preparedand arranged for union to form a frame differentfrom thepreced ing one, in accordancewith'the present. in'-;

vention. Fig.- 5 is a side viewof yet another frame formed'in accordance with the present invention. FigLGjis a perspective. view of certain members of the frame shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a side view of a further frame formed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 8isa detail view, of one of the members'thereof.-' Fig. 9 is a view,

' partly in vertical transverse sectibnfshowing members relatively 7 arranged forintegral union electrically tofproduce a frame of yet a diflerent form from any preceding.

Fig. 10 is a like view illustrative of a slightly different process for forming a frame of the type shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11

is a detailvi'ew of one of'the members showirin Fig-10. Fig. 12 is a view showing a further form. of article or frame produced inv accordance withthe .present'process. i Fig. f;

1 t o r recess, until the "membershave been w l together [Inall of the various embo dimen ts of I the invention thereare twomember's which, as.

an initial: step of the process, are suitably prepared for electrical integral union. The preparation of one.of these members,'hereinafterf arbitrarily 1 designated j? first; mem ber, consists in forming it withione'or more pairs'of welding portions of; which those of eachjpairare separated by a groove or recess; These welding'portionsfln the herein eXernplificatioiis -of the invention are formed byvpro'viding said member with a groove or recess, whereby atopPOsite sides of, the

"mouth thereof welding places, preferably pointed, are formed by the junctions of the surface of. the member with the wall or walls of the groove or recess. This will be understood upon reference to Fig. 2 of the appended drawings,'wherein 20 deslgnates 'the'member referred to, its groove or recess and 23 its welding points or places.

' Thepreparation ofthe other of the members referred to hereinafter. arbitrarily termed second member, consists in so forming or preparing it that it will rest uponthe welding places of the first-referred to member and present thereto places--suit-. .floleforelectrical weldable union therewith,

andfalsdhavei between its said places a portion which is free fromcontact with the bottwois well. exemplified in Fig; 2, in which 21 represents said member, 24;, its places for contact with the welding points or places,

23, of the other member, and 25 its portionbetween said places 24. These members are then suitably placed together, as exemplified in Fig. 2, with the second-referred to member resting at its diametrically opposite places 2i upon the welding points or places 23 adjacent to the groove of the other and its portion 25 projecting into but not filling said groove. The members are now ready for weldable union with eachother: and

, this union is brought about by passing a -l esce, and the member 21 is brought to a full seat in said groove,whereby the groove is filled and the member 21 becomes embedded in the member 20 and an integral part thereof, all before the current has been dissipated as a consequence of the bringing ofthe member 21 to its full seat within said groove (see Fig. 3) and hence into such ,electrical contact with the member 20 as to provide a path for the current which destroys "or minimizes its heating efi'ect.

Any suitable means may be employed for v passing the welding current through the contacting portions of said members and for subjecting the latter to pressure, and as such are now well known and particular ones.

thereof form no part of the present invention, it is considered to be unnecessary to disclose the same herein.

The first member and the member each may be of various shapes and sizes, and variously relatively located with respect to each other, to suit the various preferences and the requirements of various articles which may be produced according to the. present invention. There may be one or more first members and one or more second members in each article or structure, and they may be arranged in Various relative positions according-to various preferences and the requirements of the article to be produced. There may also be third members and even fourth members and also additional members, variously rela tively arranged and offvarious sizes, shapes and numbers to accord with various preferences and requirements.

' In the accompanying drawings there are illustrated a number of different embodiments of the invention typifying some of the innumerable various shapes, numbers and relative arrangements of the parts contemsecond plated to bewithi'n the spirit and scope of the invention. I

The particular embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 maybe arbitrarily demoninated an example of a two-member embodiment. They represent aportion of a frame or fabric well adapted to serve as a reinforcement for concrete, and other purposes,

in different stages of' its manufacture according to the present invention. This frame or fabric comprises a pair of spaced first members 20, formed of bars joined I by a series of spaced second members 21 in'accordance with the process hereinbefore fully referred to. In this particular exemplification, the-grooves or recesses 22' extend across the member 20 and each has a curved wall and a restricted mouth, and the members 21 are shown as rods which are circular in-cross-section, and of such size as to-rest at diametrically opposite places upon the member 20, at the mouth of the grooves in the latter, respectively, and to project part- ,Way into said grooves, with their portions 25- confronting but free from contact with the walls thereof. These relative shapes and sizes of the grooves 22 and tlie'members 21 are such as properly to go together, but the is it restricted to a disposition of the grooves transversely of the member 20, as will hereinafter fully appear. In this, as in all of the exemplifications of the invention, hereinafter given, the parts of the entire frame or fabric maybe completely assembled beinvention'is nowise restricted thereto, nor

fore the Welding'step, and-the welding together (if all the parts may be carried out simultaneously, or at a single operation: or the parts may be completely assembledand the junctions Welded one at a time; or the parts may be placed together and welded, one at a time,or otherwise, as preferred.

' In Fig. 4, there is exemplified a frame or its fabric suitable for a concrete reinforcement- 1 or other purposes, having a third mem- In thisv particular exemplification the spaced first meii'ibers, marked 30,

her.

have longitudinal grooves, marked 32, and

sembled in relation to said grooves in a manner analogous to that already described, ex-

, the second members, marked 31, are as 1.;

cept that they extend longitudinally of the grooves. The longitudinal members of the frame or reinforcement, composed in this ond members 30 and 31, are connected with each other by the third member marked 35, which intersects the portions of the second members which protrude from the grooves or recesses. These second members and the third members are each shown as round rods, b it other suitable forms capable of being weldably united electrically may be employed. In practice, a series of such third members are uirefen particular instance of the first and sec- 1 9 embodying several members. In this par-' ticillar exemplification, there is a first member, markedAO, extending the full length of the frame and a pair of other first members each also marked 10 arranged parallel with the one first-mentioned and disposed at the ends of the framewith aspace be tween their ends. These first members are each provided with second members marked- 11, extending longitudinally thereof, andthe third members marked 45 are welded to the latter, all as before described. A first member marked 46, extending longitudinally across the space between the third members 15iat1the inner-ends of the short or separated first members, 410 has its ends provided with grooves or recesses -17 for second members marked 18, shown as round rods or pins, forweldable union with said third members. .The first and second member-s46 and 48 are shown in detail in Fig. 6. i 1

In Fig. 7 here is shown a reinforcing frame like thatof Fig. 5, with the exception. that the first members marked150, have transverse grooves 52' (Fig. 8) for the ends of the second members, marked 51, which in this form connect the first members with each other as in Fig. 1. The other longitudinal members, marked 56 and 58 are identical with the members 46 and 18 of" Fig. 5. 1

In Fig. 9 the invention is exemplified in connection with a frame or structure, in which there are loops or straps. This is a three-member form, the first member being marked 60, the second 61, and the third, which is the loop or strap referred to, being marked the ends of the latter being welded to the second members which are in longitudinal grooves or recesses 62 formed in opposite sides of the first member as before described. In Figs. 10 and- 11, however, a similar form of reinforcement is shown in which the first member,

marked 70, has transverse grooves or recesses 72 on its opposite sides, forming welding portions 73 and seats for the ends of the loop or strap 75, the member 61 of the other form being dispensed with. Preferably, the ends of the loops or straps 65 and 75 are rounded. In Fig. 12 there is exemplified a form of device embodying thepresent invention, in.

which there is only one. first member marked 80, and several second members,

' marked 81. The particular device shown is a rake-head, but obviously there are many 5 other devices having a like arrangement of elements, in connection with which the in.- vention may be equally as well applied.

\Vhile this character of device .is exemplified in Fig. 12in a two-member form, yet.

obviously, it maybe a three-member form as shown in Fig-i4 wherein the third mem-- ber may be short pieces, marked 91, as here- .in shown, or maybe a continuous member,

like that marked 41 in Fig. 6, as described. In Figs. '15 and 16 thereis *exemplified a structure wherein a plurality of bars or layers, forming first members are united face to face by a rod, forming a second member arranged between them and welded in a seat formed in each. Each first member or layer is marked 100 andis" formed with one or more grooves 102, forming welding points or places 103 and seats for the contiguous parts of the second member, marked 101, which is welded to both of the members 100, as shown in Fig. .15." This second member may a be continuous 4 throughout. the other members or be formed :of a series of separated sections as preferred. In this particular form the grooves extend In all of the examples hereinbefore particularly referred to, the. first members are bars angular in cross section, but this is not essential as they maybe round or of any suitable shape. An example of this is given The second member 121 may also be a round bar. Nor is it essential that the grooves or recesses 122 in the first member be approximately of semi-circular or U- shape, as they may be of many different approved shapes: approximately V-shaped ones being shown; in Fig. 19 and square in Fig. 20, as an example, and marked 132 and 142, while an approximately U-shaped one, marked 152 is shown in Fig. 21. While these forms of grooves areexemplified in rounded first'members, marked 130, 140.

and 150 in said figures, respectively, it is apparent that they may equally as well be 2 embodied in first'membe'r's of angular or other cross sectional shape. Aga1n,-1t1s Fig. 20 and a diamond-shaped rod, marked 151, being shown in Fig. 21 as examplesof other forms of second members which may be employed. Moreover, it is nowise essential that the first members be flat groove bars, as U-bars, V-bars as many other shapes of bars, and the like, many or all of which are now well known and are in'use for struc- 100 in Fig. 18, wherein the first member, marked 120, is, shown as a rounded barn.

tural'and other purposes, are capable of use in the present process. In short, the several members and the grooves may be of any suit able shape,the only essential being that they be suitable for the particular use to which the article produced is to be applied and that the grooves of the .first members and the portions of the second members which are adjacent thereto and are to be welded th the wall or walls thereof be correlatively of such shape that said portions of the second.

members and the Welding points or places substantially forming parts of said walls will receive a welding heat and be weldably 7 united under theinfluence of an electrical current and pressure within commercially practicable limits of strength.

Having now described the invention, what I believe to be newand desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The process which consists in preparing a member with a plurality ofspaced welding places so preparing a second member as to adapt it for. integral electrical union therewith; placing thesecond member insuch relation to the first-mentioned member that opposite portions thereof will be in contact with the welding places of thefirst mentioned member; and subjecting the contacting parts of the members to a welding current of electricity and the members to relative pressure. I

2 The process which consists in so preparing a member that it will'have a'plu- 'rality of spaced welding places; so-preparing a second. member as to ada t it for integral electrical union therewith placing the second member in such relation to the. v

' first member that portions thereof will be in contact with the welding places of. the first-mentioned member and its part intermediate of said places will be free from contact with the first-mentioned member; and subjecting the contacting parts of the memers to a welding'current of electricity and the members to relative pressure adaptedto. cause coalescence of molecules of the members' and bring the portions of the-members which are between said contacting portions into contact with each other. 1

v .3. The-process -which'consists in preparing a first member-with a groove and with welding places adjacent, tothe groove; placing inoperative relation with the first mem- I her a second member having portions'which respectively contact with said weldmg places and are free from contact with a portlon of the wall of the groove between said places;

and subjecting the contacting parts of the' members to a I welding current of electricity and the'members to relative pressure, adapted to cause coalescence of molecules of the members and to force the second member to a full seat in the groove of the first'member.

4. The-processwhich consists in mount,

v welding current of electricity and to relafrom contacttherewit ing over the mouth of a groove in a first Lmember, having'welding places at its mouth,

a second member which engages said welding places'andpresents to the Wall of the groove a portion which is free from contact therewith; and subjecting the members to a welding current of electricity and pressure until their said confronting non-contacting portions have been brought into con tact. with each other. T

5. The process which consists n mounting in suitable relation with an open groove in the surface of a first member, having weld-\ ing laces adjacent to the groove, a second mem er having portions which contact with said welding places and presents to the wall of the groove 2. portion which is free from contact therewith, and integrally uniting these parts together by subjecting them to a tive pressure until their molecules coalesce 86 and the second member has been brought to a eatin the groove below the surface f the first member.

' 6. The ,process which consists'in forming 90 a member with an open groove, placing upon said member a. second member in such relation theretothat opposite portions of the second member will be in contact with portions of the first member at the mouth of 5 the groove and part of the'second member, confronting the groove, will be free from contact with the wall ofthe latter, and subecting the contacting portions of the members to a Welding current of electricity and 1 0 said members to relative pressure until their said confronting non-contacting portions have been brought into electrical connection with each other. v

7. The rocess which consists in provid- 5 mg a mem er having a groove, and welding-V places adjacent thereto, and electrically weldingto said member within said grooves,

a second member which at the commencement of the Welding step is so relatedto the 1 0 first member that it will have portions which are in contact with the welding places of the first member and other portions which confront the wall of-the grooves and are free" 8.-The process which consistsin provid-' mg a member having a groove, and welding places adjacent thereto, .and electrically welding to said member within said grooves,

a second member which at'the commence- 12o ment of the welding step is so related to the J rst member that it will have portions which are in contact with the'weldingplaces of the first member and {other portions vwhichconfront the wall of the grooves and are free from contact therewith, the welding step being continued until the latter porltions of the second member" have been brought into electrical connection with the walls of the grooves, respectively.

I '9. The process which consists'in electric'ally/ welding .to a groovedbar or the like,.a rod having a rounded surface, by so relatively preparing the bar and rodthat the bar will have welding places at opposite sides of themouth of the groove and the rod Will have oppositely disposed welding portions distanced apart with relation to the welding places of the bars so as o-support further so relatively preparing the bar and rod thatthe wall of the groove of the latter will be free from contact with. the surface of the rod between saidwelding portions at'the' beginning of the heat and pressure step and 15. will be in contact with the same at the con- V clusion of said step.

10. The process which consists in forming a member with an open groove extending. longitudinally thereof, placing upon .saidmember a second meinberin such relation thereto that opposite portions of the second member will be in contact with'por- I V tions of-the'first member at I the mouth of confronting the groove, will be free from ',-.the"groove, and part of the second member,-

contactwith the wall'of the latter, and sub- ,7 jecting thecontacting portions vof the mem- -bers to a welding current of electricity and said. members to relativepressure until their I said confronting non-contacting poftions ihajvebeen brought into electrical connection with each othen 11. .The roces's of.

- groove in one of the members;"placing the other member om-the; roove andin contact.

" with the'tfed'gesk-forme ,5 by the openingbf jlthe' groov'yraising. the temperature of the ta'l at the points of contact of the two embers to a Weld ers to a d "other.

mmg a the rod across the-mouth of said groove, and

w v V weldably uniting two' metal 'mem ers, whichconsistsinformmg a U olfQctober 'h'eat,and pressing;tlna

,metal a rtia first' memher with a series of grooves; each having welding places at opposite sides of its mouth, and welding thereto a series of sec- 0nd members so prepared with relation to i the first member that each will have opposite weldin portions adapted to contact with the we ding places of the first member and their surface betweentheir welding places free from contact with the walls of i the grooves, and further so relatively'prepared that they will be fully seated in the grooves at the completion of the welding ste 1%. The process of forming a metal article, which consists in providing a first memher, having a longitudinal groove and elec-' trically welding a second member thereto within said groove, and third members to the second members.

14. The process of forming a metal arti- 'cle, which consists in forming a first meinher with a' series of longitudinal grooves, each with welding places at opposite sides of its mouth, electrically welding thereto a second member which has been so prepared that itsopposite sides will rest upon said welding places and its surface lying between the same and confronting'the groove will be free from contact with the wall of the latter, and further has been so prepared with relation to the groove that it'is adapted to be forced toa full seat in the latter, the Welding step 'being'continued until the second member has reached such seat, and electrically welding the ends of ,a series of teeth to the second member. p "In witness whereof I have hereunto set gmy ;hand, at New York, county of New York and Stateof New York, this 14th day- '1910. i v p e LAURENCE S. LACHMAN. In presenceof e EnwAnn.-F'UL1)A,

TMABGARET Km'rmr. 

